1 2 Hp Motor Watts

Unit of power with different values

Horsepower
One mechanical horsepower lifts 550 pounds (250 kg) past ane foot in 1 2nd.
General information
Unit of	power
Symbol	hp

Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement of power, or the rate at which piece of work is done, usually in reference to the output of engines or motors. There are many different standards and types of horsepower. Ii common definitions used today are the mechanical horsepower (or imperial horsepower), which is about 745.vii watts and the metric horsepower, which is approximately 735.v watts.

The term was adopted in the late 18th century by Scottish engineer James Watt to compare the output of steam engines with the ability of draft horses. It was afterwards expanded to include the output power of other types of piston engines, besides as turbines, electric motors and other machinery.^{[1] [2]} The definition of the unit varied among geographical regions. Virtually countries now use the SI unit of measurement watt for measurement of power. With the implementation of the EU Directive 80/181/EEC on 1 January 2010, the utilize of horsepower in the Eu is permitted only equally a supplementary unit.^[3]

History [edit]

The development of the steam engine provided a reason to compare the output of horses with that of the engines that could replace them. In 1702, Thomas Savery wrote in The Miner'due south Friend:^[4]

So that an engine which volition enhance every bit much h2o every bit two horses, working together at ane fourth dimension in such a work, tin can do, and for which in that location must be constantly kept x or twelve horses for doing the same. So I say, such an engine may exist made big enough to practice the work required in employing 8, 10, fifteen, or 20 horses to be constantly maintained and kept for doing such a work...

The idea was later on used past James Watt to help market place his improved steam engine. He had previously agreed to take royalties of one third of the savings in coal from the older Newcomen steam engines.^[v] This royalty scheme did not work with customers who did not have existing steam engines but used horses instead.

Watt determined that a equus caballus could turn a manufacturing plant wheel 144 times in an 60 minutes (or 2.4 times a minute).^[6] The wheel was 12 feet (3.7 m) in radius; therefore, the horse travelled 2.4 × 2π × 12 feet in one minute. Watt judged that the horse could pull with a force of 180 pounds-force (800 Northward). So:

${\displaystyle P={\frac {W}{t}}={\frac {Fd}{t}}={\frac {180~{\text{lbf}}\times two.four\times two\,\pi \times 12~{\text{ft}}}{ane~{\text{min}}}}=32{,}572~{\frac {{\text{ft}}\cdot {\text{lbf}}}{\text{min}}}.}$

Watt divers and calculated the horsepower equally 32,572 ft⋅lbf/min, which was rounded to an fifty-fifty 33,000 ft⋅lbf/min.^[7]

Engineering in History recounts that John Smeaton initially estimated that a equus caballus could produce 22,916 foot-pounds (31,070 J) per minute.^[eight] John Desaguliers had previously suggested 44,000 foot-pounds (59,656 J) per infinitesimal, and Tredgold suggested 27,500 pes-pounds (37,285 J) per minute. "Watt found by experiment in 1782 that a 'brewery equus caballus' could produce 32,400 foot-pounds [43,929 J] per minute."^[9] James Watt and Matthew Boulton standardized that effigy at 33,000 human foot-pounds (44,742 J) per minute the next year.^[ix]

A common legend states that the unit of measurement was created when one of Watt'south outset customers, a brewer, specifically demanded an engine that would match a horse, and chose the strongest horse he had and driving it to the limit. Watt accepted the challenge and congenital a automobile that was really even stronger than the figure achieved by the brewer, and the output of that machine became the horsepower.^[ten]

In 1993, R. D. Stevenson and R. J. Wassersug published correspondence in Nature summarizing measurements and calculations of peak and sustained work rates of a horse.^[11] Citing measurements made at the 1926 Iowa State Fair, they reported that the top power over a few seconds has been measured to be as loftier as fourteen.ix hp (11.1 kW)^[12] and likewise observed that for sustained action, a work rate of about 1 hp (0.75 kW) per horse is consistent with agricultural communication from both the 19th and 20th centuries and also consistent with a work rate of about 4 times the basal rate expended by other vertebrates for sustained activity.^[eleven]

When considering human-powered equipment, a healthy man can produce almost i.2 hp (0.89 kW) briefly (meet orders of magnitude) and sustain most 0.1 hp (0.075 kW) indefinitely; trained athletes can manage upwards to nearly ii.5 hp (1.nine kW) briefly^[13] and 0.35 hp (0.26 kW) for a flow of several hours.^[fourteen] The Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt produced a maximum of iii.v hp (2.6 kW) 0.89 seconds into his 9.58 2nd 100-metre (109.four yd) dash world record in 2009.^[15]

Calculating power [edit]

When torque T is in pound-pes units, rotational speed North is in rpm, the resulting power in horsepower is

${\displaystyle P[{\text{hp}}]={\frac {T[{\text{ft}}{\cdot }{\text{lbf}}]\times N[{\text{rpm}}]}{5252}}.}$ ^[16]

The constant 5252 is the rounded value of (33,000 ft⋅lbf/min)/(2π rad/rev).

When torque T is in inch-pounds,

${\displaystyle P[{\text{hp}}]={\frac {T[{\text{in}}{\cdot }{\text{lbf}}]\times N[{\text{rpm}}]}{63{,}025}}.}$

The constant 63,025 is the approximation of

${\displaystyle 33{,}000~{\frac {{\text{ft}}{\cdot }{\text{lbf}}}{\text{min}}}\times {\frac {12~{\frac {\text{in}}{\text{ft}}}}{2\pi ~{\text{rad}}}}\approx 63{,}025{\frac {{\text{in}}{\cdot }{\text{lbf}}}{\text{min}}}.}$

Definitions [edit]

The post-obit definitions have been or are widely used:^{[ citation needed ]}

Mechanical horsepower hp(I)	≡ 33,000 ft·lbf/min = 550 ft⋅lbf/due south ≈ 17,696 lbm⋅ft2/s3 = 745.69987 Westward ≈ 76.04 kgf⋅yard/s ≈ 76.04 kg ⋅ 9.80665 m/s2 ⋅ one m/s
Metric horsepower hp(M) – likewise PS, KM, cv, hk, pk, ks or ch	≡ 75 kgf⋅m/s ≡ 75 kg ⋅ 9.80665 one thousand/s2 ⋅ 1 m/s ≡ 735.49875 W ≈ 542.476038840742 ft⋅lbf/s
Electrical horsepower hp(Due east)	≡ 746 W
Boiler horsepower hp(S)	≡ 33,475 BTU/h = 9,812.5 Westward
Hydraulic horsepower	= flow rate (U.s. gal/min) × pressure (lbf/intwo) × vii/12,000 or = flow rate (US gal/min) × pressure (lbf/intwo) / 1714 = 550 ft⋅lbf/s = 745.69987 Westward
Air horsepower	=flow charge per unit (cubic feet / minute) × pressure (inches h2o column) / 6,356 or = 550 ft⋅lbf/due south = 745.69987 W

In certain situations it is necessary to distinguish between the diverse definitions of horsepower and thus a suffix is added: hp(I) for mechanical (or imperial) horsepower, hp(M) for metric horsepower, hp(Due south) for banality (or steam) horsepower and hp(E) for electrical horsepower.

Mechanical horsepower [edit]

Bold the third CGPM (1901, CR lxx) definition of standard gravity, g _n = 9.80665 thousand/s² , is used to ascertain the pound-strength equally well as the kilogram force, and the international avoirdupois pound (1959), 1 mechanical horsepower is:

ane hp	≡ 33,000 ft·lbf/min	by definition
	= 550 ft⋅lbf/s	since	ane min = 60 s
	= 550 × 0.3048 × 0.45359237 k⋅kgf/s	since	1 ft ≡ 0.3048 k and i lb ≡ 0.45359237 kg
	= 76.0402249 kgf⋅m/s
	= 76.0402249 × 9.80665 kg⋅kii/southwardthree	since	g = 9.80665 m/south2
	≈ 745.700 West	since	one W ≡ one J/s = 1 N⋅m/south = 1 (kg⋅m/s2)⋅(yard/s)

Or given that 1 hp = 550 ft⋅lbf/s, 1 ft = 0.3048 thou, 1 lbf ≈ 4.448 Due north, 1 J = ane N⋅one thousand, 1 Westward = 1 J/due south: 1 hp ≈ 746 West

Metric horsepower (PS, cv, hk, pk, ks, ch) [edit]

The various units used to indicate this definition (PS, KM, cv, hk, pk, ks and ch) all interpret to equus caballus ability in English. British manufacturers oft intermix metric horsepower and mechanical horsepower depending on the origin of the engine in question.

DIN 66036 defines one metric horsepower as the power to raise a mass of 75 kilograms against the Earth's gravitational strength over a distance of ane metre in 1 second:^[17] 75 kg × 9.80665 m/south^two × 1 m / ane s = 75kgf⋅m/s = 1 PS. This is equivalent to 735.49875 W, or 98.half dozen% of an imperial mechanical horsepower. In 1972, the PS was replaced by the kilowatt as the official power-measuring unit in EEC directives.^[18]

Other names for the metric horsepower are the Italian cavallo vapore (cv) , Dutch paardenkracht (pk) , the French cheval-vapeur (ch) , the Spanish caballo de vapor and Portuguese cavalo-vapor (cv) , the Russian лошадиная сила (л. с.) , the Swedish hästkraft (hk) , the Finnish hevosvoima (hv) , the Estonian hobujõud (hj) , the Norwegian and Danish hestekraft (hk) , the Hungarian lóerő (LE) , the Czech koňská síla and Slovak konská sila (k or ks ), the Bosnian/Croation/Serbian konjska snaga (KS) , the Bulgarian конска сила , the Macedonian коњска сила (KC) , the Polish koń mechaniczny (KM) , Slovenian konjska moč (KM) , the Ukrainian кінська сила (к. с.) , the Romanaian cal-putere (CP) , and the German Pferdestärke (PS) .

In the 19th century, the French had their own unit, which they used instead of the CV or horsepower. Based on a 100 kgf⋅one thousand/southward standard, it was called the poncelet and was abbreviated p.

Tax horsepower [edit]

Tax or fiscal horsepower is a non-linear rating of a motor vehicle for tax purposes.^[xix] Tax horsepower ratings were originally more or less straight related to the size of the engine; but as of 2000, many countries inverse over to systems based on CO_two emissions, and so are not directly comparable to older ratings. The Citroën 2CV is named for its French fiscal horsepower rating, "deux chevaux" (2CV).

Electrical horsepower [edit]

Nameplates on electrical motors show their ability output, non the power input (the power delivered at the shaft, not the power consumed to drive the motor). This power output is ordinarily stated in watts or kilowatts. In the United states, the power output is stated in horsepower, which for this purpose is defined as exactly 746 West.^[xx]

Hydraulic horsepower [edit]

Hydraulic horsepower can represent the power available within hydraulic mechanism, power through the down-pigsty nozzle of a drilling rig,^[21] or can be used to approximate the mechanical power needed to generate a known hydraulic period rate.

It may be calculated as^[21]

${\displaystyle {\text{hydraulic power}}={\frac {{\text{force per unit area}}\times {\text{volumetric flow charge per unit}}}{1714}},}$

where pressure is in psi, and flow rate is in US gallons per minute.

Drilling rigs are powered mechanically by rotating the drill pipe from to a higher place. Hydraulic power is still needed though, equally 1 500 to five 000 W are required to button mud through the drill bit to articulate waste product rock. Additional hydraulic power may too exist used to drive a down-hole mud motor to power directional drilling.^[21]

When using SI units, the equation becomes coherent and there is no dividing constant.

${\displaystyle {\text{hydraulic ability}}={\text{pressure}}\times {\text{volumetric catamenia rate}}}$

where pressure is in pascals (Pa), and flow charge per unit is in cubic metres per 2nd (m³).

Boiler horsepower [edit]

Banality horsepower is a boiler'south capacity to deliver steam to a steam engine and is not the aforementioned unit of power every bit the 550 ft lb/s definition. One boiler horsepower is equal to the thermal free energy rate required to evaporate 34.v pounds (15.6 kg) of fresh water at 212 °F (100 °C) in one hour. In the early days of steam utilize, the banality horsepower was roughly comparable to the horsepower of engines fed by the boiler.^[22]

The term "boiler horsepower" was originally developed at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition in 1876, where the all-time steam engines of that flow were tested. The average steam consumption of those engines (per output horsepower) was adamant to be the evaporation of xxx pounds (14 kg) of water per hour, based on feed h2o at 100 °F (38 °C), and saturated steam generated at lxx psi (480 kPa). This original definition is equivalent to a boiler rut output of 33,485 Btu/h (9.813 kW). A few years subsequently in 1884, the ASME re-defined the banality horsepower as the thermal output equal to the evaporation of 34.5 pounds per hour of water "from and at" 212 °F. This considerably simplified boiler testing, and provided more authentic comparisons of the boilers at that time. This revised definition is equivalent to a banality heat output of 33,469 Btu/h (9.809 kW). Present industrial practice is to define "banality horsepower" as a boiler thermal output equal to 33,475 Btu/h (9.811 kW), which is very close to the original and revised definitions.

Boiler horsepower is all the same used to mensurate boiler output in industrial banality engineering in the United states. Boiler horsepower is abbreviated BHP, non to be confused with brake horsepower, below, which is also abbreviated BHP.

Drawbar power [edit]

Drawbar power (dbp) is the power a railway locomotive has available to haul a train or an agronomical tractor to pull an implement. This is a measured figure rather than a calculated one. A special railway car called a dynamometer auto coupled backside the locomotive keeps a continuous record of the drawbar pull exerted, and the speed. From these, the power generated can be calculated. To determine the maximum power bachelor, a controllable load is required; it is usually a 2d locomotive with its brakes applied, in addition to a static load.

If the drawbar force (F) is measured in pounds-force (lbf) and speed (five) is measured in miles per hr (mph), then the drawbar ability (P) in horsepower (hp) is

${\displaystyle P[{\text{hp}}]={\frac {F[{\text{lbf}}]\times five[{\text{mph}}]}{375}}.}$

Case: How much power is needed to pull a drawbar load of 2,025 pounds-forcefulness at 5 miles per hour?

${\displaystyle P[{\text{hp}}]={\frac {2025\times 5}{375}}=27.}$

The constant 375 is because 1 hp = 375 lbf⋅mph. If other units are used, the constant is different. When using coherent SI units (watts, newtons, and metres per 2nd), no abiding is needed, and the formula becomes P = Fv .

This formula may also be used to summate the power of a jet engine, using the speed of the jet and the thrust required to maintain that speed.

Instance: how much power is generated with a thrust of 4 000 pounds at 400 miles per hr?

${\displaystyle P[{\text{hp}}]={\frac {4000\times 400}{375}}=4266.7.}$

RAC horsepower (taxable horsepower) [edit]

This measure was instituted past the Majestic Automobile Society and was used to denote the power of early 1900s British cars. Many cars took their names from this figure (hence the Austin 7 and Riley Nine), while others had names such as "40/fifty hp", which indicated the RAC figure followed by the true measured power.

Taxable horsepower does not reflect developed horsepower; rather, information technology is a calculated figure based on the engine's bore size, number of cylinders, and a (at present archaic) presumption of engine efficiency. As new engines were designed with e'er-increasing efficiency, it was no longer a useful mensurate, simply was kept in use by United kingdom regulations, which used the rating for revenue enhancement purposes. The United Kingdom was not the only country that used the RAC rating; many states in Commonwealth of australia used RAC hp to decide taxation.^{[23] [24]} The RAC formula was sometimes practical in British colonies too, such every bit Republic of kenya (British E Africa).^[25]

${\displaystyle {\text{RAC h.p.}}={\frac {D\times D\times north}{ii.5}}}$

where

D is the diameter (or bore) of the cylinder in inches,

northward is the number of cylinders.^[26]

Since taxable horsepower was computed based on bore and number of cylinders, not based on actual displacement, information technology gave rise to engines with "undersquare" dimensions (bore smaller than stroke), which tended to impose an artificially low limit on rotational speed, hampering the potential power output and efficiency of the engine.

The situation persisted for several generations of four- and 6-cylinder British engines: For example, Jaguar's 3.4-litre XK engine of the 1950s had six cylinders with a bore of 83 mm (three.27 in) and a stroke of 106 mm (4.17 in),^[27] where most American automakers had long since moved to oversquare (large diameter, short stroke) V8 engines. Encounter, for example, the early Chrysler Hemi engine.

Measurement [edit]

The power of an engine may be measured or estimated at several points in the transmission of the power from its generation to its awarding. A number of names are used for the power developed at various stages in this process, but none is a clear indicator of either the measurement arrangement or definition used.

In full general:

nominal horsepower is derived from the size of the engine and the piston speed and is only accurate at a steam pressure of 48 kPa (7 psi);^[28]

indicated or gross horsepower is the theoretical capability of the engine [Programme/ 33000];

brake/net/crankshaft horsepower (power delivered direct to and measured at the engine'due south crankshaft) equals

indicated horsepower minus frictional losses within the engine (bearing drag, rod and crankshaft windage losses, oil flick drag, etc.);

shaft horsepower (power delivered to and measured at the output shaft of the transmission, when present in the arrangement) equals

crankshaft horsepower minus frictional losses in the transmission (bearings, gears, oil elevate, windage, etc.);

effective, true (thp) or usually referred to as wheel horsepower (whp) equals

shaft horsepower minus frictional losses in the universal articulation/due south, differential, cycle bearings, tire and chain, (if nowadays).

All the above assumes that no power inflation factors accept been applied to whatsoever of the readings.

Engine designers utilize expressions other than horsepower to denote objective targets or performance, such as brake hateful constructive pressure (BMEP). This is a coefficient of theoretical brake horsepower and cylinder pressures during combustion.

Nominal horsepower [edit]

Nominal horsepower (nhp) is an early 19th-century rule of pollex used to gauge the power of steam engines.^[28] It causeless a steam force per unit area of 7 psi (48 kPa).^[29]

Nominal horsepower = 7 × area of piston in square inches × equivalent piston speed in anxiety per infinitesimal/33,000.

For paddle ships, the Admiralty dominion was that the piston speed in feet per infinitesimal was taken equally 129.7 × (stroke)^1/3.38.^{[28] [29]} For screw steamers, the intended piston speed was used.^[29]

The stroke (or length of stroke) was the distance moved by the piston measured in feet.

For the nominal horsepower to equal the bodily ability it would be necessary for the hateful steam pressure in the cylinder during the stroke to be 7 psi (48 kPa) and for the piston speed to be that generated by the causeless relationship for paddle ships.^[28]

The French Navy used the aforementioned definition of nominal equus caballus ability as the Royal Navy.^[28]

Comparison of nominal and indicated equus caballus ability
Ship	Indicated horse power (ihp)	Nominal horse power (nhp)	Ratio of ihp to nhp	Source
Dee	272	200	1.36	[28]
Locust	157	100	i.57	[28]
Rhadamanthus	400	220	one.82	[28]
Albacore	109	threescore	1.82	[29]
Porcupine	285	132	two.sixteen	[28]
Harpy	520	200	2.sixty	[28]
Spitfire	380	140	2.70	[28]
Spiteful	796	280	2.85	[29]
Jackal	455	150	3.03	[28]
Supply	265	80	3.31	[29]
Simoom	1,576	400	3.94	[29]
Hector	3,256	800	4.07	[29]
Agincourt	6,867	1,350	five.08	[29]
Bellerophon	6,521	1,000	6.52	[29]
Monarch	7,842	1,100	7.13	[29]
Penelope	four,703	600	7.84	[29]

Indicated horsepower [edit]

Indicated horsepower (ihp) is the theoretical power of a reciprocating engine if it is completely frictionless in converting the expanding gas energy (piston pressure × displacement) in the cylinders. It is calculated from the pressures developed in the cylinders, measured past a device called an engine indicator – hence indicated horsepower. As the piston advances throughout its stroke, the force per unit area against the piston generally decreases, and the indicator device usually generates a graph of pressure vs stroke within the working cylinder. From this graph the amount of work performed during the piston stroke may be calculated.

Indicated horsepower was a better measure of engine power than nominal horsepower (nhp) because it took account of steam pressure level. Merely different afterward measures such as shaft horsepower (shp) and restriction horsepower (bhp), it did not take into account power losses due to the machinery internal frictional losses, such as a piston sliding within the cylinder, plus bearing friction, transmission and gear box friction, etc.

Brake horsepower [edit]

Restriction horsepower (bhp) is the power measured using a brake type (load) dynamometer at a specified location, such as the crankshaft, output shaft of the manual, rear axle or rear wheels.^[xxx]

In Europe, the DIN 70020 standard tests the engine fitted with all ancillaries and the exhaust system as used in the car. The older American standard (SAE gross horsepower, referred to as bhp) used an engine without alternator, water pump, and other auxiliary components such as power steering pump, muffled exhaust arrangement, etc., so the figures were higher than the European figures for the same engine. The newer American standard (referred to as SAE cyberspace horsepower) tests an engine with all the auxiliary components (see "Engine power test standards" below).

Brake refers to the device which is used to provide an equal braking force / load to rest / equal an engine's output force and hold it at a desired rotational speed. During testing, the output torque and rotational speed are measured to determine the brake horsepower. Horsepower was originally measured and calculated by use of the "indicator diagram" (a James Watt invention of the belatedly 18th century), and later past means of a Prony restriction connected to the engine's output shaft. Modern dynamometers use any of several braking methods to measure the engine'southward brake horsepower, the actual output of the engine itself, earlier losses to the drivetrain.

Shaft horsepower [edit]

Shaft horsepower (shp) is the ability delivered to a propeller shaft, a turbine shaft, or to an output shaft of an automotive transmission.^[31] Shaft horsepower is a common rating for turboshaft and turboprop engines, industrial turbines, and some marine applications.

Equivalent shaft horsepower (eshp) is sometimes used to rate turboprop engines. It includes the equivalent power derived from remainder jet thrust from the turbine exhaust.^[32] 2.five pounds-force (11 N) of rest jet thrust is estimated to exist produced from 1 unit of horsepower.^[33]

Engine power test standards [edit]

There exist a number of different standard determining how the power and torque of an automobile engine is measured and corrected. Correction factors are used to adapt power and torque measurements to standard atmospheric conditions, to provide a more accurate comparison between engines as they are afflicted past the pressure, humidity, and temperature of ambient air.^[34] Some standards are described below.

Society of Automotive Engineers/SAE International [edit]

Early "SAE horsepower" (run across RAC horsepower for the formula) [edit]

In the early twentieth century, a then-called "SAE horsepower" was sometimes quoted for U.S. automobiles. This long predates the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) horsepower measurement standards and was some other proper name for the industry standard ALAM or NACC horsepower effigy and the same as the British RAC horsepower also used for tax purposes. Alliance for Automotive Innovation is the current successor of ALAM and NACC.

SAE gross ability [edit]

Prior to the 1972 model year, American automakers rated and advertised their engines in brake horsepower, bhp, which was a version of restriction horsepower chosen SAE gross horsepower because it was measured co-ordinate to Guild of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards (J245 and J1995) that call for a stock test engine without accessories (such as dynamo/alternator, radiator fan, water pump),^[35] and sometimes fitted with long tube exam headers in lieu of the OEM exhaust manifolds. This contrasts with both SAE net power and DIN 70020 standards, which account for engine accessories (but non transmission losses). The atmospheric correction standards for barometric pressure, humidity and temperature for SAE gross power testing were relatively idealistic.

SAE net power [edit]

In the United States, the term bhp fell into disuse in 1971–1972, every bit automakers began to quote ability in terms of SAE internet horsepower in accord with SAE standard J1349. Like SAE gross and other restriction horsepower protocols, SAE cyberspace hp is measured at the engine's crankshaft, and then does not business relationship for transmission losses. Even so, similar to the DIN 70020 standard, SAE net power testing protocol calls for standard production-type belt-driven accessories, air cleaner, emission controls, exhaust system, and other power-consuming accessories. This produces ratings in closer alignment with the power produced by the engine as it is really configured and sold.

SAE certified ability [edit]

In 2005, the SAE introduced "SAE Certified Power" with SAE J2723.^[36] To attain certification the examination must follow the SAE standard in question, take place in an ISO 9000/9002 certified facility and be witnessed by an SAE approved tertiary party.

A few manufacturers such equally Honda and Toyota switched to the new ratings immediately.^[37] The rating for Toyota's Camry 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6 roughshod from 210 to 190 hp (160 to 140 kW).^[37] The company's Lexus ES 330 and Camry SE V6 (3.3 L V6) were previously rated at 225 hp (168 kW) merely the ES 330 dropped to 218 hp (163 kW) while the Camry declined to 210 hp (160 kW). The offset engine certified under the new plan was the 7.0 Fifty LS7 used in the 2006 Chevrolet Corvette Z06. Certified power rose slightly from 500 to 505 hp (373 to 377 kW).

While Toyota and Honda are retesting their entire vehicle lineups, other automakers generally are retesting only those with updated powertrains.^[37] For example, the 2006 Ford Five Hundred is rated at 203 horsepower (151 kW), the same as that of 2005 model. Nevertheless, the 2006 rating does not reverberate the new SAE testing procedure, equally Ford is not going to incur the extra expense of retesting its existing engines.^[37] Over time, most automakers are expected to comply with the new guidelines.

SAE tightened its horsepower rules to eliminate the opportunity for engine manufacturers to manipulate factors affecting performance such as how much oil was in the crankcase, engine control system calibration, and whether an engine was tested with high octane fuel. In some cases, such can add up to a change in horsepower ratings.

Deutsches Institut für Normung 70020 (DIN 70020) [edit]

DIN 70020 is a German DIN standard for measuring road vehicle horsepower. DIN hp is measured at the engine's output shaft as a grade of metric horsepower rather than mechanical horsepower. Similar to SAE net power rating, and different SAE gross power, DIN testing measures the engine equally installed in the vehicle, with cooling system, charging system and stock exhaust system all connected. DIN hp is often abbreviated as "PS", derived from the High german word Pferdestärke (literally, "horsepower").

CUNA [edit]

A test standard by Italian CUNA (Commissione Tecnica per l'Unificazione nell'Automobile, Technical Commission for Automobile Unification), a federated entity of standards organisation UNI, was formerly used in Italy. CUNA prescribed that the engine be tested with all accessories necessary to its running fitted (such as the h2o pump), while all others – such as alternator/dynamo, radiator fan, and exhaust manifold – could be omitted.^[35] All calibration and accessories had to be as on product engines.^[35]

Economic Commission for Europe R24 [edit]

ECE R24 is a UN standard for the approval of compression ignition engine emissions, installation and measurement of engine power.^[38] It is like to DIN 70020 standard, but with dissimilar requirements for connecting an engine's fan during testing causing it to absorb less ability from the engine.^[39]

Economic Commission for Europe R85 [edit]

ECE R85 is a Un standard for the approval of internal combustion engines with regard to the measurement of the cyberspace ability.^[40]

80/1269/EEC [edit]

fourscore/1269/EEC of 16 December 1980 is a European Matrimony standard for route vehicle engine power.

International Organisation for Standardization [edit]

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) publishes several standards for measuring engine horsepower.

• ISO 14396 specifies the additional and method requirement for determining the ability of reciprocating internal combustion engines when presented for an ISO 8178 frazzle emission test. It applies to reciprocating internal combustion engines for state, runway and marine utilize excluding engines of motor vehicles primarily designed for road use.^[41]
• ISO 1585 is an engine net power test lawmaking intended for road vehicles.^[42]
• ISO 2534 is an engine gross ability test lawmaking intended for road vehicles.^[43]
• ISO 4164 is an engine cyberspace ability test code intended for mopeds.^[44]
• ISO 4106 is an engine cyberspace ability examination code intended for motorcycles.^[45]
• ISO 9249 is an engine net power exam lawmaking intended for world moving machines.^[46]

Japanese Industrial Standard D 1001 [edit]

JIS D 1001 is a Japanese net, and gross, engine power test code for automobiles or trucks having a spark ignition, diesel fuel engine, or fuel injection engine.^[47]

Run into also [edit]

• Brake-specific fuel consumption – how much fuel an engine consumes per unit energy output
• Dynamometer engine testing
• European units of measurement directives
• Horsepower-hour
• Mean effective pressure level
• Torque

References [edit]

1. ^ "Horsepower", Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2012-06-24.
2. ^ "International System of Units" (SI), Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2012-06-24.
3. ^ "Directive 2009/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009", Official Journal of the European Union. Retrieved 2013-02-15.
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External links [edit]

• How Much Horsepower Does a Horse Have?
• How Stuff Works: Horsepower

1 2 Hp Motor Watts,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsepower

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